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Explain how nutrients are obtained from our diet, and the contribution of each nutrient to the aerobic respiratory pathway
Title: Explain how nutrients are obtained from our diet, and the contribution of each nutrient to the aerobic respiratory pathway
Category: Science & Technology / Chemistry
Details: Words: 3782 | Pages: 16.1 (approximately 235 words/page)
Explain how nutrients are obtained from our diet, and the contribution of each nutrient to the aerobic respiratory pathway
1.Digestion, Nutrition & Bonds
Foodstuffs mainly consist of biopolymers (complex carbohydrates, proteins and lipids); large molecules made of monomers (sugars, amino acids and fatty acids/glycerol) linked together by chemical bonds. Bonds are of vital importance in living systems, as they are broken in digestion, to provide energy - they are exergonic reactions - and constructed in repair and growth - endergonic reactions - where the energy previously generated is harnessed.
Carbohydrates®Monosaccharides ®4 kcals g-1
Proteins®Amino Acids (AAs)®4 …showed first 75 words of 3782 total…
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…showed last 75 words of 3782 total…body protein for amino-acid use as fuel.
Table 9: GASTROINTESTINAL PEPTIDES REGULATING FOOD INTAKE
PeptideStimulusSite of ProductionSite of ActionEffect on food intake
Cholecystokinin (CCK)Protein and fat Small intestinebrainVagal afferents Decrease
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)Nutrients gut hormonesgut neural signalsIleum/colon Gastric emptyingbrainDecrease
Ghrelin Fasting Stomach Brain Increase
Apolipoprotein A-IV (Apo A-IV)Fat absorption Intestine/liver Brain Decrease
Enterostatin Fat Stomach/intestine Vagal afferents Decrease
Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP)Gastric mucosa Food ingestion Vagal afferents brainDecrease
Source: Considine (20022).
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